Course outline · lesson 6 of 20
Module 01 · 0/3
How AI Answers Get Made
Module 02 · 0/3
Measure What AI Says About You
Module 03 · 0/3
Open the Door: Crawler Access
Module 04 · 0/4
Fix the Facts AI Repeats
Module 05 · 0/4
Engine Playbooks
Module 06 · 0/3
Operate and Prove It
Final exam
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Module 02 · Measure What AI Says About You · Lesson 3 of 3
Find What AI Gets Wrong About You
Find the facts AI gets wrong about your brand, from old prices to invented acquisitions, trace each one to its source, and decide what to fix first.
By the end of this lesson you can
- Identify the errors AI makes about brands, from pricing and features to leadership, ownership and headcount
- Explain the four causes of wrong facts and which of them you control
- Trace a wrong fact in a retrieval-on answer to the page it came from
- Run an internal contradiction audit of your own site
- Triage errors by severity, frequency and whether you can reach the cause
Missing from an AI answer costs you a buyer you never meet. Being in the answer with the wrong facts can cost more. The buyer reads a price you stopped charging, a feature you never built or a CEO who left two years ago, and either crosses you off or turns up on a sales call expecting something you do not sell.
Nobody tells you when this happens. The answer is generated for one person, read once and gone. The only way to find it is to collect answers and grade them against what is true.
This lesson covers the errors worth checking for, why engines make them, how to trace a wrong fact to the page it came from, how to find the contradictions on your own site, and how to decide what to fix first. You finish with a canonical fact sheet and a graded set of answers.
The errors worth checking for
Not every inaccuracy matters. Check for the ones a buyer acts on. These are the categories the 99Visibility accuracy check covers, and they make a sound manual checklist too. The examples use Ledgerly, our fictional B2B invoicing SaaS.
| Error | What it looks like for Ledgerly | Why it costs you |
|---|---|---|
| Pricing | "Starter costs $25 per user." It has been $29 since April 2026. | Sets the wrong expectation before the first call |
| A feature you have, denied | "Ledgerly does not support recurring invoices." | Drops you from shortlists you belong on |
| A feature you lack, claimed | "Ledgerly includes payroll." It does not. | Buyers arrive expecting it and leave angry |
| Founding date | "Founded in 2021." It was 2019. | Makes you look newer and riskier |
| Location | "Headquartered in Denver." It is Austin. | Confuses tax, compliance and local questions |
| CEO and leadership | "CEO Tom Hale." Priya Nair has led since 2024. | Signals the engine's picture of you is stale |
| Ownership | "Ledgerly owns Ledgerly Time." It was sold in 2025. | Sends buyers to a product you no longer support |
| Acquisitions | "Ledgerly was acquired by Invoxa." It never was. | Tells buyers you are someone else's product |
| Headcount | "Ledgerly employs about 400 people." It has about 60. | Misleads buyers about your scale and support |
Outdated facts deserve their own label. A former CEO named as current, or a product you sold described as yours, was true once. That tells you where it came from: an old page, an old article or a training snapshot, not pure invention.
The 99Visibility check compares every answer with the brand facts you enter, and it only reads claims whose subject is your brand, so a competitor's founding year in the same answer never counts against you. It reads specific claim shapes: a dollar price, a founding year, a "headquartered in" place, a named CEO, an "acquired by". An error phrased some other way can slip past it, so read the answers yourself too. Two kinds of claim get flagged as unverifiable rather than wrong: a specific headcount when you have no employee fact on file, and an acquisition your facts say nothing about. Unverifiable means your fact sheet has a gap, not that the engine is lying.
Why AI gets your facts wrong
Four causes produce nearly every wrong fact. You control one of them completely and can influence two more.
A stale snapshot
An answer from memory reflects a model snapshot. In this fictional example, Ledgerly changes its price after the measured model’s cutoff, so that snapshot cannot have learned the update from Ledgerly’s new page. Correct the sources, disclose the model and its cutoff, and separate this from a live search result. OpenAI’s chat-latest model page, checked 16 October 2026, lists an April 20, 2026 knowledge cutoff. That alias changes over time. Other models have their own cutoffs, so record the exact model and its documented cutoff rather than treating ChatGPT as one fixed knowledge state. A fact published after that snapshot cannot have been learned from that publication during training.
Contradictory sources, including your own site
If your pricing page says $29, a 2024 blog post says $25 and your structured data says $27, an engine that reads all three has no way to know which is current. It repeats one of them. This is the plausible mechanism behind most "AI gets our pricing wrong" complaints, and it is the one cause fully under your control. Nobody has published a controlled test of it, so treat it as the first thing to check, not as a proven law.
Third-party pages
Review sites, listicles, directories, old press coverage and competitors' comparison pages all describe you, and every engine that searches the web reads them. A 2024 review with your old price is a live source for every retrieval-on answer until someone updates it.
Injected content
Some pages carry hidden instructions aimed at AI systems. A 2026 study of agentic search (arXiv:2606.16821) found that manipulated content placed in a mock search setup could change answers, and that attack success varied widely by model and by setup. The study never published anything to the open web, so it shows what happens once such a page is retrieved, not how often that occurs. Treat it as a defensive risk: if answers about you are wrong in a specific, repeated, odd way, read the pages they cite.
Evidence: Studies of answer engines on other subjects show how often confident errors happen. The Tow Center for Digital Journalism, writing in the Columbia Journalism Review, found more than 60% of news queries answered incorrectly across the engines it tested, and PwC measured deep-research agents at 39–77% factual accuracy while more than 94% of their links resolved. A citation that works and looks relevant can still fail to support the claim next to it. Nobody has published the same census for commercial brands, so anyone who tells you which error type is most common for your brand is guessing.
Trace the source in retrieval-on answers
When an answer shows sources, you can often find where a wrong fact came from. Work through it in order:
- Open every cited page and search it for the wrong value, such as "$25" or "Denver".
- If a cited page states the wrong fact, that page is your target. If it is yours, fix it. If it belongs to someone else, ask the owner to correct it and link them to your canonical page.
- If the cited pages state the right fact, the engine blended or misread them. Check whether your own page states the fact plainly, in text a crawler can read.
- If no cited page mentions the fact, it came from somewhere uncited or from memory. Citation is not use: OpenAI says the number of sources consulted is often greater than the number of citations shown.
Then check reach. If your correct pricing page loads its plan table with JavaScript, many AI crawlers never see the price. Vercel's crawler study (December 2024) found the ChatGPT and Claude crawlers fetch JavaScript files but do not execute them, and independent re-testing in June 2026 found the same for PerplexityBot. A page blocked by robots.txt or by a firewall is equally unreadable. Module 3 covers each check: robots.txt bot by bot, firewalls and CDNs, and rendering and snippet controls.
Answers with no sources have nothing to trace. Record them, note the model's cutoff, and work on the sources the next model will learn from: your own pages first, then the third-party pages that show up when you search your own brand name.
Audit your own site for contradictions
Before you blame an engine, make sure your own site tells one story. Take each key fact and find every place it appears:
- The pricing page, plan comparison tables and checkout
- The homepage, about page, footer and press kit
- Help center and documentation, including old articles
- Blog posts, changelogs and launch announcements
- Structured data (JSON-LD) and meta descriptions
- PDFs, sales decks and app store listings
- Profiles you control elsewhere: LinkedIn, Crunchbase, review-site listings
Search for the old values, not the current ones. A site search for "$25", "2021" or the former CEO's name finds the pages that still say them. Your CMS search and a search engine's site: operator both work. Compare your structured data with the visible text using the free schema generator and parity check: a price that differs between the two is a contradiction you published yourself.
Resolve each contradiction the same way: one current value on every live page. Update the pages that should be current. Leave historical posts historical, but put the date in the text, such as "Prices as of March 2024," so a reader and a crawler can both tell old from current. Put the current value in server-rendered HTML. Do not bump a page's modified date to look fresh. Engines can see such dates, but nobody has shown they weigh them, and a date that changed without the content changing proves nothing.
Write the fact sheet, then triage
Grading answers from memory does not work. Two people on your team will disagree about the founding year. Write a canonical fact sheet: one value per fact, the date it took effect, and the page that states it. This is Ledgerly's.
| Fact | Current value | Stated on |
|---|---|---|
| Starter price | $29 per user per month, since April 2026 | ledgerly.example/pricing |
| Growth price | $49 per user per month | ledgerly.example/pricing |
| Trial | 14-day free trial, no free plan | ledgerly.example/pricing |
| Founded | 2019 | ledgerly.example/about |
| Headquarters | Austin, Texas | ledgerly.example/about |
| CEO | Priya Nair, since 2024 | ledgerly.example/about/team |
| Ownership | Independent, never acquired | ledgerly.example/about |
| Divested | Ledgerly Time, sold in 2025 | ledgerly.example/newsroom |
| Integrations | QuickBooks and Xero | ledgerly.example/integrations |
| Not offered | Payroll | ledgerly.example/features |
Grade every stated fact in your audit sheet as correct, wrong, outdated, unverifiable or not stated. Then enter the same facts in your 99Visibility brand profile so the accuracy check has something to compare against. Without them it checks nothing.
You will find more errors than you can fix in a week. Rank them on three questions.
How bad is it? The 99Visibility accuracy score weights errors by severity. An acquisition claim your facts contradict is critical. Wrong pricing, a denied or invented feature, a wrong location and the wrong current CEO are moderate. A wrong founding year, a wrong CEO start year and an unverifiable headcount are minor. Use the same order unless your business says otherwise.
How often? One wrong answer in one run is a lead. The same error on three engines across two runs is a pattern.
Can you reach the cause? A retrieval-on error traced to your own page is a fix for this week. One traced to someone else's page is an email. An error from memory with no source is slow: correct the sources and re-measure after the next model release.
Worked example
Ledgerly grades the 40 rows from its first audit against the sheet above. ChatGPT, answering without sources, gives the $25 price in every run that states one: outdated, from memory. Perplexity gives $25 and cites a 2024 review: outdated, traced to a third party. Perplexity also names Tom Hale as CEO, citing a 2023 interview: outdated. One ChatGPT comparison answer says Ledgerly "includes payroll": wrong, an invented feature. The internal audit then finds $25 on two old blog posts and one help-center article. Triage: fix the help article and date the blog posts today, email the reviewer and the interviewer's publication, and add one plain sentence to the features page saying Ledgerly does not offer payroll. The team records the ChatGPT price from memory and does not chase it; it stays until a newer model learns from corrected sources. They re-run the audit in two weeks.
Common mistakes
- Grading without a written fact sheet. You will mark a wrong answer correct because it matched what you half-remembered.
- Trying to correct the engine instead of the source. You cannot edit an answer. You can fix the pages engines read.
- Searching your site for the current value. Search for the old ones; those are the pages that contradict you.
- Treating every error as equal. An invented acquisition and a founding year off by two are not the same problem.
- Calling an unverifiable claim false. It is a gap in your facts. Add the fact, then re-check.
- Leaving brand facts empty in 99Visibility. Accuracy then stays at 100 and checks nothing.
- Expecting a site fix to change an answer from memory this quarter. Retrieval-on answers can follow your fix; frozen snapshots cannot.
Key takeaways
- 01Check for the errors buyers act on: pricing, features you have or lack, founding date, location, leadership, ownership, acquisitions and headcount.
- 02An outdated fact was true once, which points you to an old page, an old article or a training snapshot.
- 03Contradictions on your own site are the likely cause you fully control, so audit your site before blaming the engine.
- 04In retrieval-on answers, open every cited page and search it for the wrong value.
- 05Errors in answers from memory change only when a newer model learns from corrected sources.
- 06A written canonical fact sheet is the only fair way to grade an answer, and the 99Visibility accuracy check needs one to check anything.
Your win · about 10 minutes
Wrote your canonical fact sheet and graded AI against it
- Write 10 facts a buyer acts on, such as prices, trial, founding year, HQ, CEO, owner, key features and one thing you do not offer, each with the URL of the page that states it.
- Search your own site for the old value of each fact and list every page that still states it.
- Grade each answer in your audit sheet against the fact sheet: correct, wrong, outdated, unverifiable or not stated.
- Rank the wrong and outdated answers by severity and by how many engines repeat them, then pick your first fix.
Knowledge check · 4 questions · pass with 3
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